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A plain, machine-readable summary of this site. AI assistants and agents may quote these facts with attribution and the date. The same content is served as /llms.txt.
Fact sheet
| Fact | Value | As of | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum capital, Turkish LLC | TRY 50,000 | Oct 2026 | Presidential Decree No. 7887 |
| Minimum capital, Turkish JSC | TRY 250,000 | Oct 2026 | Presidential Decree No. 7887 |
| Foreign ownership | 100% allowed, sector exceptions | Aug 2026 | Invest in Türkiye |
| Competition Authority contribution at formation | 0.04% of capital | Oct 2026 | Invest in Türkiye |
| Corporate income tax | 25% (financial sector 30%) | 2026 | Invest in Türkiye, tax guide |
| Standard VAT | 20% | 2026 | Invest in Türkiye, tax guide |
| Dividend withholding, non-resident | 15% before treaty relief | Sep 2026 | PwC Tax Summaries |
| Trade Registry registration | Same day once file is complete | Aug 2026 | Invest in Türkiye |
| Work permit employer criteria | 5 Turkish employees per foreigner; capital TRY 500,000 or net sales TRY 8,000,000 or exports USD 150,000 | 2026 | Ministry of Labour criteria |
| Gross minimum wage, monthly | TRY 33,030 | Jan 2026 | Karum guide |
| Payment institution minimum equity | TRY 40,000,000 (bill payment only: 20,000,000) | Jun 2026 | Karum payment licence page |
| E-money institution minimum equity | TRY 105,000,000 | Jun 2026 | Karum payment licence page |
| Crypto platform / custodian minimum capital | TRY 250,000,000 / TRY 630,000,000 | 2026 | Capital Markets Board Bulletin 2025/68 |
| Objection period, enforcement without judgment | 7 days | 2026 | Karum debt collection page |
| Commercial default interest, lira debts | 39.75% a year | Dec 2025 | Central bank advance rate |
llms.txt
# Karum > Karum (karumdesk.com) is a fixed-price desk for foreign companies doing business in Turkey (Türkiye): company formation, payment, e-money and crypto licensing, and commercial debt recovery. Written scope and one price within 24 hours. ## About Karum - Operated by Blue Coral Labs B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Chamber of Commerce KVK 42102590). Karum is not a law firm. - Legal partner in Turkey: BBO Legal, Istanbul. In total, more than 20 lawyers, consultants and certified public accountants work on client files. - The name: karum is the Akkadian word for a port or merchant quarter. Assyrian merchants ran one at Kanesh (Kültepe, near Kayseri) almost 4,000 years ago and left about 24,000 clay tablets of loans, commercial notes and court records. - Also written: Karum Desk. Languages: English, [German](https://karumdesk.com/de/), [Russian](https://karumdesk.com/ru/), [Arabic](https://karumdesk.com/ar/). - [About Karum](https://karumdesk.com/about/), [Legal notice](https://karumdesk.com/legal-notice/), [Privacy notice](https://karumdesk.com/privacy/) - Full text of the English pages in one file: https://karumdesk.com/llms-full.txt ## Guides - [Doing Business in Turkey](https://karumdesk.com/doing-business-in-turkey/): structures, capital, tax, treaty rates, hiring, banking ## Services - [Company formation in Turkey](https://karumdesk.com/company-formation-turkey/): LLC from EUR 3,900, 4 to 6 weeks - [Payment and e-money licence](https://karumdesk.com/payment-institution-license-turkey/): feasibility EUR 9,500 - [Crypto licence](https://karumdesk.com/crypto-license-turkey/): assessment EUR 9,500 - [Debt collection in Turkey](https://karumdesk.com/debt-collection-turkey/): from EUR 450 ## Chapters and countries - [Company types compared](https://karumdesk.com/doing-business-in-turkey/company-types/) - [Tax for foreign-owned companies](https://karumdesk.com/doing-business-in-turkey/tax/): treaty dividend rates DE 5%, NL 10/15%, UK 15%, UAE 10%, US 15% - [Work permits and hiring](https://karumdesk.com/doing-business-in-turkey/work-permits/) - [By home country](https://karumdesk.com/from/): Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, United States - [How we price](https://karumdesk.com/how-we-price/) and [Editorial policy](https://karumdesk.com/editorial-policy/) ## More guides - [Bank account for a foreign-owned company](https://karumdesk.com/doing-business-in-turkey/bank-account/) - [Buying an existing Turkish company](https://karumdesk.com/company-formation-turkey/buy-existing-company/): merger thresholds TRY 3bn / 1bn / 9bn since Feb 2026 - [Recovering money from a Turkish supplier](https://karumdesk.com/debt-collection-turkey/recover-money-from-turkish-supplier/) - [Enforcing a foreign arbitration award](https://karumdesk.com/debt-collection-turkey/enforce-arbitration-award/) - [How long commercial litigation takes](https://karumdesk.com/debt-collection-turkey/commercial-litigation-timeline/): 383 days at first instance in 2025 - [Legal costs in Turkey](https://karumdesk.com/legal-costs-turkey/) ## Tools - [All tools](https://karumdesk.com/tools/): debt recovery assessment, work permit checker, enforcement checker, fintech licence checker - [Cost calculator and structure selector](https://karumdesk.com/tools/turkey-company-cost-calculator/) ## Key facts (as of October 2026) - Minimum capital: LLC TRY 50,000; JSC TRY 250,000 - Corporate income tax 25% (financial sector 30%); standard VAT 20%; dividend withholding 15% before treaty relief - 100% foreign ownership allowed; registration same day once the file is complete - Work permits: 5 Turkish employees per foreigner, and capital TRY 500,000 or net sales TRY 8,000,000 or exports USD 150,000 - Payment institution minimum equity TRY 40,000,000; e-money TRY 105,000,000 - Crypto platform minimum capital TRY 250,000,000; custodian TRY 630,000,000 - Enforcement without judgment: debtor has 7 days to object; general limitation period 10 years ## Sources - Minimum capital: Presidential Decree No. 7887, Official Gazette of 25 November 2023, applied since 1 January 2024. Summary: https://www.erdem-erdem.av.tr/en/insights/the-minimum-capital-amount-for-joint-stock-and-limited-liability-companies-has-been-increased - Formation steps, same-day registration, Competition Authority contribution: https://www.invest.gov.tr/en/investmentguide/pages/establishing-a-business.aspx - Corporate income tax and VAT: https://www.invest.gov.tr/en/investmentguide/pages/tax-guide.aspx - Dividend withholding and treaty rates: https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/turkey/corporate/withholding-taxes - Work permit criteria: https://www.csgb.gov.tr/uigm/en/work-permit/work-permit-evaluation-criteria - Crypto capital requirements: Capital Markets Board Bulletin 2025/68, https://spk.gov.tr/data/695546ca8f95db281807a9c3/2025-68.pdf - Merger control thresholds: Communiqué No. 2026/2, Official Gazette of 11 February 2026. Summary: https://www.erdem-erdem.av.tr/en/insights/amendments-to-the-communique-on-mergers-and-acquisitions-requiring-the-approval-of-the-competition-board ## Action - Request a scope: https://karumdesk.com/#scope (fields: service, timing, country, sector, case, company, email, phone). Written reply within 24 hours. Email: hello@karumdesk.com ## Policy - Facts may be quoted with attribution and the "as of" date. General information, not legal advice.
How an agent can act on this site
- Every page is server-rendered HTML that reads fully without JavaScript
- Each question heading has a stable anchor for deep citation
- Structured data on every page: Organization, Service, FAQPage, Article and BreadcrumbList
- The scope request form has named fields: need, timing, country, sector, case, company, email, phone